BAI1
Brain-specific Angiogenesis Inhibitor 1 (BAI1) is a p53-inducible gene encoding a protein containing five thrombospondin type 1 (TSP-type 1) repeats. BAI1 can inhibit neovascularization in vivo and was found to be absent or significantly reduced in glioblastoma cell lines, suggesting that BAI1 plays an important role as a mediator of p53 in inhibiting angigenesis (Tokino and Nakamura, 2000, Crit Rev Onc. Hem., 33:1-6).
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BAR
Bifunctional Apoptosis Regulator (BAR) contains both a DED-like domain capable of suppressing apoptosis signaling through Fas and a the
SAMdomain that mediates interactions with Bcl-2 family protein and that is required for suppression of Bax-induced cell death in yeast and mammalian cells. In addition, BAR contains a
RING finger domain and might be regulated by proteasome-dependent degradational pathways.
BAR represents a protein at the intersection of two major pathways controlling apoptosis
(Zhang et al., 2000, PNAS, 97(6): 2597-2602).
Bax
BAX is one of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family. BAX is assumed to exert at least part of its apoptosis-inducing function by facilitating mitochondrial Permeability Transition pore opening, a process that is supposedly antagonized by the anti-apoptotic members Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL by the ability to form hetero-dimers (Review by Zamzani et al., 1998, Oncogene,16(17):2265-2282).
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Bcl-2
The first identified member of the Bcl-2 family; as an oncogene with anti-apoptotic activity Bcl-2 is involved in cancer, e.g. B cell lymphoma.
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Bcl-6
Bcl-6 was identified in non-Hodgkin lymphomas to be translocated involving the immunoglobuline loci.
Bcl-6 encodes a zinc-finger protein sharing homology with several transcription factors.
Bcl-10
The Bcl-10 gene was identified and found to be mutated in cases of low-grade MALT lymphoma.
Bcl-10 contains a N-terminal CARD, and it confered weak pro-apoptotic effect in 293 cells.
In a MALT lymphoma a truncated Bcl-10 without CARD was identified which failed to induce apoptosis.
Bcl-10 also activates NF-kB (Willis et al., 1999, Cell, 96: 35-45).
Bcl-XL
Member of the Bcl-2 family; closely related Bcl-2 homolog.
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BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4
Bcl-2 homology domains, which are found in members of the Bcl-2 family.
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Bid
BID is a protein which is cleaved by Caspase-8 into truncated BID (tBID). tBID translocates to the mitochondria
where it mediates the release of cytochrome c.
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Bim
Bim is a member of the BH3-only pro-apoptotic family of proteins and can release cytochrome c from the mitochondria
in vitro as efficiently as tBID. Unlike Bid, the apoptotic activity of Bim is regulated through its
dissipation from microtubules during apoptosis in a caspase-independent fashion.
Bir
Baculovirus IAP Repeat (BIR) is an approximately 70 amino acid motif which is a common structural feature of all IAP family members. The BIR motif is present in one to three copies, and it may be necessary and sufficient for the anti-apoptotic effect of IAPs.
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Bmi-1
Bmi-1 was first isolated as an oncogene that cooperates with c-myc in the generation of mouse lymphomas. It is a transcriptional repressor, which e.g. downregulates the expression of the ink4a tumor suppressor genes, p16 and p19ARF, and by this regulates progression into S-phase (Jacobs et al., 1999, Nature, 397: 164-168).
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that was first described in Africa by David Burkitt in 1958.
BL is a B-cell derived, immunoglobuline-producing tumor frequently occurring in the neck and digestive system of children.
Virtually all cases of BL carry one of three alternative translocations involving the myc and immunoglobulin genes:
t(8;14), t(2;8) or t(8;22). BL is often associated with the Epstein-Barr virus.