N

Negative Selection
T cells undergo a selection process in the thymus and in the periphery of the lymphoid system to sort out self-reactive T cell clones. More...

NEMO/IKK-gamma
NEMO (NF-kB Essential Modifier, found in mouse) and its human homologue IKK-gamma are part of the IKK complex and are essential in the acivation of NF-kB. They probably link IkB kinases (IKKs) to upstream activators.

NF-kB
NF-kB is a transcription factor that coordinates the activation of numerous genes in response to pathogenes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. NF-kB is critical for proper immune function, cell growth and survival, and anomalous activation is associated with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases and viral infection. NF-kB is activated by several exogeneous stimuli. More...

NGF receptor family
Nerve Growth Factor receptor family.

NIK
NF-kB-inducing kinase, which is activated by TRADD or TRAFs upon TNFR- or IL-ligation. NIK is an essential component in the phosphorylation of IKKs.

NLS
Nuclear Localization Signals can be located almost anywhere in the aminoacid sequence and generally consists of a short sequence (4 to 8 aa) which is rich in the positively charged aminoacids lysine and arginine and frequently contains proline.

NMDA receptor
The N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor is a subtype of glutamate-activated ionotropic channels, that is implicated in synaptic mechanisms underlying learning, memory and the perception of pain. It is also believed to be a target of the intravenous general anaesthetic agent ketamine and possibly nitrous oxide. Also xenon was reported to exert its anaethetic effects by inhibiting NMDA receptors.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Non Hodgkin's lymphoma is a term for a group of cancers that develop in the LYMPH SYSTEM. Although NHL has some of the characteristics of HODGKIN'S DISEASE, they are different disorders and are treated differently. NHL is also far more unpredictable than Hodgkin's disease and has a poorer PROGNOSIS. Most NHLs arise in the LYMPH NODES although it is not unusual for them to start in other parts of the body such as the liver or bones. The cause of NHL is not firmly established. People with compromised IMMUNE SYSTEMS are more likely to develop NHL and virus infection may contribute to its development. NHL is broken down into two basic types: aggressive and indolent. The other forms of NHL are MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES and BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA. Generally treatment is RADIATION THERAPY or CHEMOTHERAPY (anticancer drugs). BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION is a fairly new option.

NOXA
Noxa is a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family. It is transcriptionally upregulated in a p53-dependent manner in response to DNA damage. Noxa presumably interacts with Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and acts on the level of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and activation of the apoptosome (Oda et al., 2000, Science, 288: 1053pp).

nuc-1
The C. elegans nuc-1 gene is a homologue to the mammalian DNase II or Dnase II-like proteins presumably involved in apoptotic DNA fragmentation (Wu et al., 2000, Genes Dev., 14: 536-548).

Nuclear matrix
The interphase nucleus is thought to contain a 3-dimensional filamentous protein network referred to as nuclear matrix (also: scaffold, skeleton). Nuclear matrix proteins are cleaved during apoptosis. More...

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